英语口语探索-Exploring Spoken English
Cambridge University Press-剑桥大学出版社
This book explores authentic examples of contemporary spoken English. Its
main aim is to provide learners and students of English with the opportunity
to see, hear and understand conversational English in a range of different
contexts of use. During the past ten to fifteen years there has been an
explosion of interest in the analysis of extended stretches of spoken and written
language, and increasing reference to and use of real language in English
language teaching materials. To the best of our knowledge this book is the
only publication since Crystal and Davy's Advanced Conversational English ( 1975)
to collect such extensive samples of naturalistic conversational data and to
describe and comment on that data in ways which will be of maximum value
to teachers and students of English. And in several important respects
Exploring Spoken English breaks new ground.
这本书探讨了当代英语口语的真实例子。它
主要目的是为英语学习者和学生提供机会
在一系列不同的英语会话中看到、听到和理解
使用环境。在过去的十到十五年里
对扩展的口语和书面语的分析兴趣激增
语言，以及在英语中越来越多地引用和使用真实语言
语文教材。据我们所知，这本书是
自Crystal和Davy高级会话英语（1975）以来的唯一出版物
收集大量的自然会话数据样本
以最有价值的方式描述和评论这些数据
给英语老师和学生。在几个重要方面
探索英语口语开辟了新天地。
The design of the book
There are twenty units in this book and there is a balanced distribution across
a range of speech genres. There are eight main genres as follows:
Narrative: A series of everyday anecdotes told with active listener
participation.
Identifying: Extracts in which people talk about themselves, their biography,
where they live, their jobs (or job aspirations), their likes and dislikes.
Language-in-action: Data recorded while people were doing things such as
cooking, packing, moving furniture, etc., where the language is generated
directly by the actions being carried out.
Coninient-elaboration: People giving casual opinions and commenting on
things, other people, events, etc. around them and in their daily lives, without
any set conversational agenda.
Service encounters: Extracts in settings involving the buying and selling of
goods and services.
Debate and argunient: Data in which people take up positions, pursue
arguments and expound on their opinions on a range of matters, with or
without some sort oflead-figure or chairperson.
Language, learning and interaction: Language in use in the context of
institutionalised and informal learning.
Decision-niakinglnegotiating outconies: Data illustrating ways in which
people work towards decisions/ consensus or negotiate their way through
problems towards solutions.
There is no claim to comprehensiveness here and other speech genres could
have been included. It is further recognised that no speech genre can be
entirely discrete; for example, narrative is such a core genre that narratives
can be embedded within other main generic categories, and overlap occurs
between and across other genres. The genres represented in the book are,
however, important genres for speaking in use in educational and pedagogic
contexts and towards conversations involving students in ways with which it is
hoped language learners will be able to identify.
书的设计
这本书共有二十个单元，分布均衡
一系列的言语类型。主要有以下八种类型：
叙述：与积极的听众一起讲述的一系列日常轶事
参与。
识别：人们谈论自己的摘要，他们的传记，
他们住在哪里，他们的工作（或工作愿望），他们的好恶。
行动中的语言：人们在做诸如
烹饪、包装、移动家具等，语言产生的地方
直接通过正在进行的行动。
细致入微：人们发表随意的意见和评论
他们周围和日常生活中的事物、其他人、事件等
任何既定的谈话议程。
服务邂逅：在涉及买卖的设置中摘录
商品和服务。
辩论与争论：人们占据位置、追求的数据
就一系列问题争论并阐述他们的观点，用或
没有领袖人物或主席。
语言、学习与互动：语境中的语言使用
制度化和非正式学习。
拒绝决策谈判的结论：数据说明了
人们致力于做出决定/达成共识，或通过谈判达成共识
解决问题。
这里没有所谓的全面性，其他语言类型也可以
已经包括在内。人们进一步认识到，任何言语体裁都不能
完全离散的；例如，叙事是一种核心类型，叙事
可以嵌入到其他主要的泛型类别中，并且发生重叠
在其他流派之间或跨越其他流派。书中所代表的流派是，
然而，在教育教学中使用的重要语体
语境和学生对话的方式
希望语言学习者能够识别。
